Rapid detection of mild cognitive impairment using natural language processing / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To automatically and rapidly detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an objective manner using natural language processing (NLP).Methods:A total of 215 participants (half female) aged 50 to 80 were recruited for the study′s normal cognition and MCI groups. Speech tasks and the mini mental state examination (MMSE-2) were used to collect audio data and quantify cognitive functioning. Altogether 162 acoustic features were extracted including the speaking speed, syllable number, syllable duration, number of pauses, duration of pauses, the standard deviation of formant frequency and sound pressure variation. They were compared between the two groups and genders. Multiple regression analysis was used to formulate a model predicting MCI. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of its predictions were used to evaluate its predictive power.Results:There were significant differences between the two groups in 50 acoustic features including their pronunciation rhythm and pronunciation accuracy. Univariate correlation analysis revealed that the pronunciation rhythm was significantly associated with cognitive functioning. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the model were 0.54, 0.80 and 0.69 for males and 0.00, 0.86 and 0.63 for females.Conclusion:MCI greatly affects pronunciation rhythm. Acoustic analysis based on NLP can detect MCI rapidly and objectively.

Ultrashort wave alleviates oxygen -glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via up -regulation of SPCA1 expression in N2a cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Application of ultrashort wave (USW) to rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury could inhibit the decrease of expression of secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1 (SPCA1), an important participant in Golgi stress, reduce the damage of Golgi apparatus and the apoptosis of neuronal cells, thereby alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aims to investigate the effect of USW on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury and the expression of SPCA1 at the cellular level.@*METHODS@#N2a cells were randomly divided into a control (Con) group, an OGD/R group, and an USW group. The cells in the Con group were cultured without exposure to OGD. The cells in the OGD/R group were treated with OGD/R. The cells in the USW group were treated with USW after OGD/R. Cell morphology was observed under the inverted phase-contrast optical microscope, cell activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and SPCA1 expression was detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Most of the cells in the Con group showed spindle shape with a clear outline and good adhesion. In the OGD/R group, cells were wrinkled, with blurred outline, poor adhesion, and lots of suspended dead cells appeared; compared with the OGD/R group, the cell morphology and adherence were improved, with clearer outlines and fewer dead cells in the USW group. Compared with the Con group, the OGD/R group showed decreased cell activity, increased apoptotic rate, and down-regulating SPCA1 expression with significant differences (all P<0.001); compared with the OGD/R group, the USW group showed increased cell activity, decreased apoptotic rate, and up-regulating SPCA1 expression with significant differences (P<0.01 or P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#USW alleviates the injury of cellular OGD/R, and its protective effect may be related to its up-regulation of SPCA1 expression.

Relationship between overweight, obesity and high blood pressure among middle school students in Kaifeng City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the association between overweight, obesity and high blood pressure among middle school students in Kaifeng city.@*Methods@#A multi stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 058 middle school students in Kaifeng City to measure blood pressure, height and weight, and to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity and high blood pressure from September to October 2019.@*Results@#The prevalence of high blood pressure in middle school students in Kaifeng was 11.78%. Compared with normal weight group, overweight ( OR =1.65) and obesity ( OR =3.32) were significantly correlated with the risk of high blood pressure ( P <0.01). The risk of high blood pressure in overweight and obese boys was 1.87 and 4.16 times higher than that in normal weight boys, respectively. The risk of high blood pressure for overweight and obese girls was 1.55 and 2.69 times higher than that for normal weight girls, respectively. The risk of high blood pressure in high school and normal weight group, middle school and overweight/obesity group, and high school and overweight/obesity group were 1.90, 2.85 and 3.39 times higher than that in middle school and normal weight group, respectively ( P =0.02).@*Conclusion@#The prevention of high blood pressure in middle school students should start from the prevention of overweight and obesity, especially among overweight and obese boys. Risk of high blood pressure increases with grade among overweight/obese middle school students.

Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among middle school students in Kaifeng City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive of middle school students in Kaifeng City, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of depressive symptoms among middle school students. @*Methods@#A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 058 middle school students in Kaifeng City from September to November 2019. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Kaifeng City was 14.51%. The results of multivariable Logistic analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in high school students was significantly higher than that of middle school students( OR =1.47). Call in sick, leaving school due to illness, serious injury, school bullying, fighting, domestic violence, smoking and internet addiction were positively associated with depressive symptoms( OR =1.37，1.67，1.91，2.69， 1.65 ，2.29，1.47，2.58， P <0.05). In addition, the interaction of fighting and smoking was associated with more depressive symptoms in middle school students.@*Conclusion@#The depression of middle school students is closely related to grade, family and campus environment. Developing a positive family and school environment, preventing adverse events in daily life are necessary measures to reduce the risk of depression symptoms for students.

Effects of non-caloric ultrashort wave on the expression of CoQ10 and C1GALT1C1 in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To examine the changes of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and β-galactosyl transferase specific chaperone 1 (C1GALT1C1) in brain of rats with ischemic injury at different time points and to explore the protective mechanism of ultrashort wave (USW) on ischemic brain injury.@*METHODS@#Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (=10 per group): a sham group (control group) and 4 experimental group (ischemia for 2 h). The 4 experimental groups were set as a model 1 d group, a USW 1 d group, a model 3 d group and a USW 3 d group, respectively. Five rats were randomly selected for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) staining in each experimental group, and the remaining 5 rats were subjected to Western blotting and real-time PCR. The percentage of cerebral infarction volume and the relative expression level of CoQ10 and C1GALT1C1 in the brain were examined and compared.@*RESULTS@#The infarct volume percentage after TTC staining was zero in the sham group. With the progress of disease and USW therapy, the infarct volume percentage was decreased in the experimental groups (all <0.05); Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the relative expression level of CoQ10 in the sham group was the highest, while in the experimental groups, the content of CoQ10 showed a upward trend with the extension of disease and USW therapy, with significant difference (all <0.05). The relative expression level of C1GALT1C1 in the sham group was the lowest, but in the experimental groups, they showed a downward trend with the extension of disease and USW therapy, with significant difference (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Non-caloric USW therapy may upregulate the expression of CoQ10 to suppress the expression of C1GALT1C1 in rats, leading to alleviating cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.

The influence of ultra-shortwave irradiation on Ca2+-ATPase expression after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the influence of ultra-shortwave (USW) irradiation on infarct volume and Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA) secretion after brain ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (n=8),a model group (n=36) and a USW group (n=36).The animal model of middle cerebral artery ischemia and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established using the suture method in the rats of the model and USW groups,while the sham operation group was given the same operation but without inserting the thread plug.One day,3 days and 7 days after the intervention,12 rats were sacrificed and the infarct volumes and SPCA1 protein expression were measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and western blotting.Results No white infarcted tissue was found in the sham operation group.In the model and USW groups the volume of infarcted tissue decreased with time.Significantly less infarcted volume was observed in the USW group compared to the model group at each time point.The SPCA1 levels in the brain tissue were lower than in the sham operation group after one and 3 days of USW treatment,but they were significantly lower in the model group as well.As time went by,the average SPCA1 level increased significantly in the model and USW groups.A slightly higher SPCA1 level was observed in the USW group compared to the model group after one day of treatment,but with no significance.However,significant differences were found between them after 3 and 7 days of intervention.Conclusion Ultra-shortwave irradiation can protect against MCAO/R injury by decreasing the infarcted volume,which may be related to down-regulation of SPCA1,minimizing nerve cell apoptosis and promoting neural functional recovery,at least in rats.

The sensitivity and specificity of the Chinese eating assessment tool (EAT-10) for screening oropharyngeal dysphagia in acute stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of the Chinese eating assessment tool (EAT-10) in screening acute stroke patients for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD).Methods A total of 130 inpatients with acute stroke were screened using the Chinese EAT-10.On the same day they were also screened using the gold standard technique for diagnosing dysphasia-videofluoroscopy.A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was developed to study EAT-10's sensitivity and specificity.A Youden index,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV),and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LHR+ and LHR) were quantified.Results According to the ROC curve,a cut-off point of 1 (EAT-10 score≥ 1) gave the best sensitivity (77.9％),the highest NPV (73.2％),with 66.1％ specificity,71.6％ PPV,2.30 LHR+ and 0.33 LHR in screening for OD.The test-retest reliability was above 0.7.An investigator consistency reliability test showed good repeatability,and the consistency between each item and the mean total score was high.Conclusion The Chinese EAT-10 has good test-retest reliability and investigator consistency.The optimal cut-off point is 1,with good sensitivity and NPV at scores ≥ 1.The test can be recommended as a screening tool for OD in acute stroke patients.

Effect and mechanism of ulinastatin on the efficacy of ventilator-associated pneumonia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin in adjuvant treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)and preliminary clinical efficacy of the therapy mechanism.Methods 76 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia from January 2015 to February 2016 in Qingyuan People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group,38 cases in each group.Two groups were given mechanical ventilation,phlegm,anti infection,rehydration,nutritional support and other conventional treatment,the observation group on the basis of routine treatment for ulinastatin adjuvant therapy,comparison of two groups of treatment,the simultaneous determination of serum interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-alpha)levels were measured before and after treatment.Results The total efficiency of the observation group was 94.74％,significantly higher than the control group 78.95％,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the two groups after treatment of serum CRP and PCT levels were decreased significantly compared with before treatment,the observation group after treatment,serum CRP and PCT levels were(45.19+5.79)mg/L and(1.08+0.36)μg/L was significantly lower than that before treatment and control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the two groups after treatment of serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were decreased significantly compared with before treatment,the observation group after treatment,serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were(165.29+19.23)pm/mL and(1.16+0.25)pm/mL,was significantly lower than that before treatment and control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The inflammatory reaction in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia ulinastatin can effectively reduce auxiliary patients,reduce inflammatory factors on lung injury,can alleviate the disease progression and to improve its prognosis.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in evaluation of acute stroke patients with dysphagia / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the reliability and validity of the Chinese Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in evaluation of acute stroke patients with dysphagia.
@*METHODS@#The inpatients of stroke were assessed with Chinese EAT-10. As a golden standard for evaluation of dysphagia, videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) test was used to judge the reliability and validity of EAT-10.
@*RESULTS@#A total of 130 qualified questionnaires were collected. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Chinese EAT-10 scale was 0.845. The total score of each item was related. The lowest or highest correlation coefficient for the item 2 or 3 was 0.271 or 0.772. The retest reliability was greater than 0.7, which met the requirements. According to the investigator consistency reliability test, the value collected from the investigator in the item 2 kept constant. The consistent correlation coefficient of the remaining nine items was more than 0.7. The consistency between each item and the mean score was high. The EAT-10 with the cut-off point at 1 was an optimal cut-off point. With the cut-off value of 1 (EAT-10 score ≥ 1), the sensitivity and specificity for EAT-10 was 77.9% and 66.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative value (NPV) was 71.6% and 73.2%, respectively, with 2.30 LHR+ and 0.33 LHR- for dysphagia. 
@*CONCLUSION@#The Chinese EAT-10 has a good reliability and validity in evaluation of the acute stroke patients with dysphagia. The sensitivity and negative value are the best with the cut-off value of 1 (EAT-10 score ≥ 1). It offers a good way to discriminate dysphagia, impaired efficacy, penetrations, and aspirations in acute stroke patients.

The effect of pulsed ultrasound on medial collateral ligament repair / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of pulsed ultrasound therapy (US) on medial collateral liga-ment healing in rats and it's mechanism.MethodsEighteen 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with transected medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) were studied. They were randomly divided into a control group, a 0.5 W/cm~2 group and a 1. 0 W/cm~2 group.The control group was not given any treatment.The 0. 5 W/cm~2 group and 1.0 W/cm~2 group were given 10 minutes of pulsed US (duty cycle: on/off = 3 ms/1 ms) daily for 8 days at either 0.5 or 1.0 W/cm~2 intensity. All the rats were sacrificed on the 9th day. After macroscopic examination, their MCLs were harvested and studied using haematoxylin-eosin staining, Van Gieson's staining and immunohistochemical tech-niques in order to detect transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) and any histological or histochemical changes.ResultsMacroscopically, the lacerated MCLs had healed with scar tissue formation. Scarring appeared to be greater in the 0.5 W/cm~2 and 1.0 W/cm~2 groups than in the control group. Inflamed cells appeared to be more numerous in the treated groups than in the controls. There were significant differences in collagen fiber extent among all three groups. In the 1.0 W/cm~2 group, the average level of TGF-β1 was significantly up-regulated, and TGF-β1 expres-sion was higher than in the other two groups.ConclusionsPulsed US can improve ligament healing in the short term, however whether long-term treatment with US can yield further improvement is unknown. Pulsed US can in-crease the level of TGF-β1, which will be higher with higher US dosage. Pulsed US may enhance injored ligament re-pair by up-regulating TGF-β1.Objective To investigate the effect of pulsed ultrasound therapy (US) on medial collateral liga-ment healing in rats and it's mechanism.MethodsEighteen 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with transected medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) were studied. They were randomly divided into a control group, a 0.5 W/cm~2 group and a 1. 0 W/cm~2 group.The control group was not given any treatment.The 0. 5 W/cm~2 group and 1.0 W/cm~2 group were given 10 minutes of pulsed US (duty cycle: on/off = 3 ms/1 ms) daily for 8 days at either 0.5 or 1.0 W/cm~2 intensity. All the rats were sacrificed on the 9th day. After macroscopic examination, their MCLs were harvested and studied using haematoxylin-eosin staining, Van Gieson's staining and immunohistochemical tech-niques in order to detect transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) and any histological or histochemical changes.ResultsMacroscopically, the lacerated MCLs had healed with scar tissue formation. Scarring appeared to be greater in the 0.5 W/cm~2 and 1.0 W/cm~2 groups than in the control group. Inflamed cells appeared to be more numerous in the treated groups than in the controls. There were significant differences in collagen fiber extent among all three groups. In the 1.0 W/cm~2 group, the average level of TGF-β1 was significantly up-regulated, and TGF-β1 expres-sion was higher than in the other two groups.ConclusionsPulsed US can improve ligament healing in the short term, however whether long-term treatment with US can yield further improvement is unknown. Pulsed US can in-crease the level of TGF-β1, which will be higher with higher US dosage. Pulsed US may enhance injored ligament re-pair by up-regulating TGF-β1.